Laser Equipment
Laser equipment can be divided into three categories: laser marking machines, laser welding machines, and laser cutting machines. Laser marking machines include semiconductor laser marking machines, CO2 laser marking machines, fiber laser marking machines, ultraviolet laser marking machines, etc.; currently, laser welding machines include YAG automatic laser welding machines and fiber-optic transmission automatic laser welding machines, etc.; laser cutting machines include YAG laser cutting machines and fiber laser cutting machines, etc.
Basic Content
There are many types of laser marking machines. According to the different properties of lasers, they can be roughly divided into fiber laser marking machines, carbon dioxide laser marking machines, semiconductor laser marking machines, ultraviolet laser marking machines, and green laser marking machines. Among them, fiber, carbon dioxide, semiconductor, and ultraviolet lasers are used for processing the surface of products, while green lasers are used for marking the interior of glass and crystal products, so green lasers are also called internal carving machines. Products of all types (metals, woods, water-based, fire-resistant, and earth-based materials) can be processed with laser marking machines!
YAG Laser Machine
YAG laser is a solid-state laser with a wavelength of 1.064um in the infrared band. It uses a krypton lamp as the energy source (excitation source) and ND:YAG (Nd:YAG laser; Nd (neodymium) is a rare earth element, YAG stands for yttrium aluminum garnet, whose crystal structure is similar to that of ruby) as the medium for generating laser. The excitation source emits incident light of a specific wavelength, prompting the working substance to achieve population inversion, release laser through energy level transition, amplify the laser energy, shape and focus it to form a usable laser beam.
Semiconductor Laser Machine
Semiconductor-pumped laser marking machine uses a semiconductor laser diode with a wavelength of 0.808um (side or end-pumped) to pump the Nd:YAG medium, so that the medium generates a large number of inverted particles, which form a giant pulse laser output with a wavelength of 1.064um under the action of a Q-switch, with high electro-optical conversion efficiency. Compared with the lamp-pumped YAG laser marking machine, the semiconductor-pumped laser marking machine has the advantages of better stability, energy saving, no need to replace lamps, etc., but the price is relatively higher.
Fiber Laser Marking Machine
It is mainly composed of three parts: laser, galvanometer scanner, and marking card. It is a marking machine that uses a fiber laser to produce laser. It has good beam quality, with an output center of 1064nm, and the service life of the whole machine is about 100,000 hours, which is longer than other types of laser marking machines. The electro-optical conversion efficiency is more than 28%, which has a great advantage compared with the 2%-10% conversion efficiency of other types of laser marking machines, and has outstanding performance in energy conservation and environmental protection.
CO2 Laser Marking Machine
CO2 laser is a gas laser with a wavelength of 10.64um in the far-infrared band. It uses CO2 gas filled into the discharge tube as the medium for generating laser. When a high voltage is applied to the electrodes, glow discharge is generated in the discharge tube, which can make the gas molecules release laser. After amplifying the laser energy, a laser beam for material processing is formed.
Ultraviolet Laser Marking Machine
The ultraviolet laser marking machine is equipped with a deep ultraviolet laser, an imported high-speed scanning galvanometer system, etc.; due to the extremely small focused spot of the ultraviolet laser marking machine and the negligible heat-affected zone during processing, the ultraviolet laser marking machine can perform ultra-fine marking and special material marking. It is the preferred product for customers with higher requirements on marking effect. The ultraviolet laser marking machine has the characteristics of high electro-optical conversion rate, long service life of nonlinear crystal, stable operation of the whole machine, high positioning accuracy, high work efficiency, and modular design for easy installation and maintenance. In addition, a two-dimensional automatic workbench can be optionally equipped to realize multi-station continuous marking or large-format marking.
Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Marking Machine
The active medium is solid, and the laser emits light waves of 1060nm near the infrared region. It has two types: continuous type and light pen type. By changing the output energy, laser beams of different intensities can be obtained. The marking processes include coking method (dark mark), foaming method (light mark) and ablation method (engraved mark), with excellent marking quality.
Excimer Marking Machine
It can emit light waves in the ultraviolet range (100～400nm), and the active medium is composed of a mixture of helium, argon, krypton, neon gases and halogens such as chlorine, fluorine, bromine, and iodine.
Green Laser Marking Machine
The green laser marking machine adopts side pumping, which is different from the semiconductor end-pumped laser marking machine and has obvious advantages: 532nm green laser output, smaller focused spot diameter, more concentrated energy, high electro-optical conversion efficiency, and good beam quality. The whole machine has good protection and convenient marking control, adopting PLC program control to realize one-key startup. The equipment is more suitable for surface engraving of glass products, such as mobile phone screens, LCD screens, optical devices (such as optical lenses), automobile glass, etc. At the same time, it can be applied to the surface processing of most metal and non-metal materials or the processing of coating films, such as hardware, ceramics, glasses and clocks, PC, electronic devices, various instruments, PCB boards and control panels, nameplates and display boards, plastics, etc. It has a very high cost performance compared with similar products. Its price is more expensive.
Laser cutting is that the horizontal laser beam emitted by the laser is turned into a vertical downward laser beam through a 45° total reflection mirror, then focused by a lens, and converged into a very small spot at the focal point. The laser power density focused at the spot is as high as 10^6~10^9W/cm^2. The workpiece at its focal point is irradiated by the laser spot with high power density, which will generate a local high temperature of more than 10000°C, making the workpiece vaporize instantly. Then, the vaporized metal is blown away with auxiliary cutting gas, so as to cut the workpiece into a very small hole. With the movement of the CNC machine tool, countless small holes are connected to form the desired shape. Due to the very high frequency of laser cutting, the connection of each small hole is very smooth, and the cut products have high finish.
Laser welding uses high-energy laser pulses to locally heat materials in a small area. The energy of laser radiation diffuses into the interior of the materials through heat conduction, melting the materials to form a specific molten pool. It is a new type of welding method, mainly for the welding of thin-walled materials and precision parts. It can realize spot welding, butt welding, lap welding, seal welding, etc., with high depth-to-width ratio, small weld width, small heat-affected zone, small deformation, fast welding speed, flat and beautiful weld seam, no need for post-welding treatment or only simple treatment, high weld quality, no pores, precise control, small focused light spot, high positioning accuracy, and easy realization of automation.
Laser Equipment Maintenance
1. Clean the lenses, guide rails and clean up the debris on the workbench every day; Method for cleaning lenses: When cleaning the lenses, you must use anhydrous ethanol or 98% alcohol as the cleaning fluid. Dip a small amount of absorbent cotton in alcohol, gently wipe the lenses in a fixed direction, and finally gently wipe the lenses with dry cotton to make the lenses bright and transparent; (Note: Wiping too hard may wipe off the coating on the lenses, causing damage to the lenses)
Method for cleaning guide rails: First remove the stains and processing debris on the guide rails, then add a little clean lubricating oil to the guide rails, and move the guide rails to make the clean lubricating oil evenly distributed on the guide rails. (Note: Do not use thick lubricating oil (grease), which is easy to cause processing debris and dust to stick to the guide rails, leading to wear and damage of sliders and guide rails);
Method for cleaning the workbench: The workbench includes zinc-iron alloy, honeycomb, crawler, knife strip and other workbenches. First, clean up the processing debris on the workbench. For the crawler workbench, it is necessary to add a little clean anti-rust oil to the crawler every six months for anti-rust treatment; other workbenches do not need it. (Note: The workbench cannot be cleaned with water, which is easy to cause the workbench to rust and accelerate the oxidation of the workbench.)
2. Regularly clean the exhaust fan and exhaust pipe to keep them clean;
Cleaning method of exhaust fan and exhaust pipe: When the smoke and dust during processing are large, it is necessary to clean the fan. Open the outer cover of the fan, scrape off the dust on the fan blades and air channels with a thin wooden chip, then blow off the dust with a high-pressure air gun. The cleaning method of the exhaust pipe is the same as that of the exhaust fan.
(Note: No water can enter the exhaust pipe and it cannot be extended to humid places, such as sewers.)
3. Regularly clean the water tank cooling fins;
Cleaning method of cooling fins: The main purpose of cooling fins is to dissipate the heat of the water circulation in the laser tube. Poor heat dissipation directly affects the laser output power, so the cleaning of cooling fins is very important.
First, remove the dust on the cooling fins with a brush, then use a high-pressure air gun to blow air into the water inlet for gas cleaning, finally pour the air conditioner cooling fin cleaning fluid on the cooling fins for cleaning, rinse with water and dry before use.
4. The mechanical transmission part of the equipment needs to be oiled once a month;
Maintenance rules for the mechanical transmission part of the equipment: The mechanical transmission part includes synchronous wheels, bearings, optical wheels, optical rods, etc. The main oiling part is the bearings. The synchronous wheels, optical wheels, and optical rods should be rust-proofed, and the connection bearings need to be added with clean lubricating oil once a month.
5. The circulating water needs to be replaced once a week;
Maintenance rules for circulating water: The main function of circulating water is to dissipate heat for the laser tube, which directly affects the power and service life of the laser tube. The circulating water must be pure water, so that scale is not easy to form on the inner wall of the laser tube. When the water becomes turbid, the circulating water must be replaced. The water injection volume is best 2/3 of the water tank, and water must be added if it is less than 1/3, otherwise the laser tube may burst.
6. For new laser equipment, the laser output power should be controlled below 80%;
7. To extend the service life of the laser tube, it is recommended to rest for about 10 minutes after continuous work for 5 hours before working again.
8. Maintenance of the laser tube: For new laser equipment, the laser output power should be controlled below 80%, mainly because the gas in the new laser tube is relatively full, and using high-power processing is easy to cause rapid gas consumption and reduce the service life of the laser tube. The main reason for resting for about 10 minutes after continuous work for 5 hours is that the long-term work of the laser tube will cause the temperature of the laser tube to rise, resulting in unstable and weakened power.
Post time: Feb-27-2026
